Afjahi, S. A. A. , Khashei Varnamkhasti, V. , Dehghanan, H. and Massveh Mobarakeh, A. (2023). The Pattern of Virtual Leadership. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 32(107), 7-44. doi: 10.22054/jmsd.2023.14158 [In Persian]
Alaghe Band, A. (2018). Introduction to Educational Management, 46th edition, Tehran, Rawan Publications.
Alotebi, H., Alharbi, O., & Masmali, A. (2018). Effective leadership in virtual learning environments. International journal of information and education technology, 8(2), 156-160.
Azukas, M. E. (2022). Leading remotely: Competencies required for virtual leadership. TechTrends, 66(2), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00708-x
Beck, D., LaFrance, J., & Richardson, J. W. (2014). Voices of virtual school leaders: Challenges and advice. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association.
Caulat, G. (2012). Virtual leadership: Learning to lead differently. Libri Publishing Limited.
Chen-Levi, T., & Buskila, Y. (2022). " Our Organization Deals with People, Not with Products": Perceptions of School Organizational Patterns. Athens Journal of Education, 9(1), 139-160.
Chua, Y. P., & Chua, Y. P. (2017). How are e-leadership practices in implementing a school virtual learning environment enhanced? A grounded model study. Computers & Education, 109, 109-121.
Corbin, J. (2021). Strauss’s grounded theory. In Developing grounded theory (pp. 25-44). Routledge.
Cortellazzo, L., Bruni, E., & Zampieri, R. (2019). The role of leadership in a digitalized world: A review. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1938.
Dan, Z. (2020). China adopts non-contact free consultation to help the public cope with the psychological pressure caused by new coronavirus pneumonia. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102093.
Daneshvar Deylami, M. R. , Dehghanan, H. and Adibpour, M. R. (2018). The Effect of E-leadership on Employees Job Attitudes in Virtual Teams with an Emphasis on the Role of Online Communication Channels and Conceptual Satisfaction of Communication. Organizational Culture Management, 16(2), 369-391. doi: 10.22059/jomc.2018.205369.1006814 [In Persian]
DasGupta, P. (2011). Literature review: e-Leadership. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 4(1), 1-36.
de los Santos, G. E., & Rosser, W. (2020). COVID-19 shines a spotlight on the digital divide. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 53(1), 22-25.
Ebrahimi, M. , HosienporSadatabadi, J. , DoshmanZiyari, E. , Moazami, M. and Miresmaeili, B. (2022). Providing a Technological Leadership Model for Virtual Education in Order to Advance the Educational Programs of Primary Schools. Pizhuhish nāmah-i intiqādī-i mutūn va barnāmah hā-yi ̒ulūm-i insāni (Critical Studies in Texts & Programs of Human Sciences), 22(9), 375-396. doi: 10.30465/crtls.2022.37902.2339 [In Persian]
Freeman, C. M. (2017). Leadership strategies to create success in virtual teams (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
Goldkuhl, G., & Cronholm, S. (2010). Adding theoretical grounding to grounded theory: Toward multigrounded theory. International journal of qualitative methods, 9(2), 187-205.
Gustafson, D. C., & Haque, M. D. (2020). Uncovering the challenges and leadership practices of virtual school principals. Online journal of distance learning administration, 23(4), 1-13. https://ojdla.com/assets/pdf/gustafson_haque234.pdf
Haziroh, A. L., Putra, F. I. F. S., & Budiantoro, R. A. (2021). The effect of leadership style and IT support on lecturer performance during e-learning program with work environment as mediating variable. Asian Management and Business Review, 116-127.
Hemmatyar, Z. , Abdollahi, B. , navehebrahim, A. and Zaynabadi, H. R. (2019). Identifying dimensions and behavioral symptoms of visionary educational leaders in elementary schools: Qualitative and phenomenological inquiry. School Administration, 7(3), 143-160. [In Persian]
Inglish, F., Papa, R., Mullen, C., & Crayton, T. (2018). Educational Leadership at 2050-Implications, Challenges and Commitments.(N. Shirbagi, Trans.) Tehran: Assar Moaser.
Jameson, J. (2013). e‐L eadership in higher education: T he fifth “age” of educational technology research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(6), 889-915.
Mihardjo, L., Sasmoko, S., Alamsjah, F., & Elidjen, E. (2019). Digital leadership role in developing business model innovation and customer experience orientation in industry 4.0. Management Science Letters, 9(11), 1749-1762.
Militello, M., Tredway, L., Hodgkins, L., & Simon, K. (2021). Virtual reality classroom simulations: How school leaders improve instructional leadership capacity. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(3), 286-301.
Mohammadi, R. (2023). Designing and validating the model of virtual education management in academic centers. Applied Educational Leadership, 4(2), 106-122. doi: 10.22098/ael.2023.12415.1243[In Persian]
Moluayonge, G. (2020). The use of modern educational technologies in remote learning in higher education during a pandemic: The case of COVID-19 in Cameroon.
Oliver, K., Kellogg, S., Townsend, L., & Brady, K. (2010). Needs of elementary and middle school teachers developing online courses for a virtual school. Distance Education, 31(1), 55-75.
Orea-Rocha, A., & Appiah, G. (2025). 42. Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model. Elgar Encyclopedia of Leadership, 97.
Quilici, S. B., & Joki, R. (2011). Investigating roles of online school principals. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 44(2), 141-160.
Reston, V. A. (2015). National policy board for educational administration. professional standards for educational leaders. American Association of colleges of teacher education, 3(11), 207-212.
Richardson, J. W., LaFrance, J., & Beck, D. (2015). Challenges of virtual school leadership. American Journal of Distance Education, 29(1), 18-29.
Robert, K., Craig, A., Brierton, J., & Tomal, D. (2018). Superintendent Core Competencies of School Leadershipes. Lutheran Wducation Journal, 3(9), 33.
Salsberry, T. A. (2010). K-12 virtual schools, accreditation, and leadership: What are the issues?. Educational Considerations, 37(2), 5.
Savolainen, T. (2014). Trust-building in e-leadership: A case study of leaders' challenges and skills in technology-mediated interaction. Journal of Global Business Issues, 8(2).
Sugrue, C., & Sugrue, C. (2015). Principal Professional Learning: Sources of Sustenance?. Unmasking School Leadership: A Longitudinal Life History of School Leaders, 93-120.
Trivedi, A., & Desai, D. J. (2012). A review of literature on e-leadership.
Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2019). Operationalizing the definition of e-leadership: identifying the elements of e-leadership. International review of administrative sciences, 85(1), 80-97.
Yusof, M. R., Yaakob, M. F. M., & Ibrahim, M. Y. (2019). Digital leadership among school leaders in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(9), 1481-1485.
Yusof, M. R., Yaakob, M. F. M., & Ibrahim, M. Y. (2019). Digital leadership among school leaders in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(9), 1481-1485.
Yuting, Z., Adams, D., & Lee, K. C. S. (2025). A systematic review of E-leadership and its effects on student learning in higher education. Management in Education, 39(2), 78-88.
)